An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based synchronization detection apparatus includes an input register that stores data, a shifter that shifts the data from the input register based on the exponent of a quantized correlation coefficient, an adder that sums the shifted data, and a peak detector that determines the peak value from among the summed shifted data. The OFDM-based synchronization detection method involves quantizing correlation coefficients for synchronization detection into 2n-level quantized correlation coefficients (n is an integer not less than 0), shifting input data using the 2n-level quantized correlation coefficients, and detecting synchronization using a shifting result.