A hologram recording and reproducing apparatus minimizes reproduction errors by servo control on the tilting of a reference beam relative to a hologram recording medium. The apparatus includes an optical detector for servo control and an optical sensor for reproduction signal conversion. A pixel pattern generator generates, on a wave surface of the recording beam, a discretely distributed recording pixel pattern corresponding to the information to be recorded, and a specifically shaped and localized servo pixel pattern for the servo control. A beam splitter splits the reflected beam from the hologram recording medium into a reproduction beam directed to the optical detector for reproduction signal conversion and a servo beam directed to the optical detector for servo control. A servo controller controls the tilting of the reference beam relative to the hologram recording medium, based on an output signal from the servo control optical detector.