A p-type oxide thermoelectric material which has a high output factor and a low environmental load. The thermoelectric material is composed of an oxide represented by the compositional formula (Ni1-xCux) (Mn2-yCuy)O4 and having a structure in which Ni elements occupying the Ni sites and/or Mn elements occupying the Mn sites are partially replaced by Cu elements, wherein 0≦x≦0.7, 0≦y≦0.7, and 0.4≦x+y. In such a thermoelectric material, preferably, 0.2≦x≦0.5 and 0.2≦y≦0.5, and preferably, the output factor at 50° C. to 800° C. is 10×10−6 W/mK2 or more.