A reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) and an operating system based on a downstream optical signal reuse method with feed-forward current injection are provided. The RSOA has two active regions and includes a reflecting plane that reflects an input optical signal; and an optical amplifying semiconductor including a rear portion, which is positioned at a side of the reflecting plane and to which a signal having polarity opposite to that of the input optical signal is injected, and a front portion, which is positioned at a side opposite to the side of the rear portion facing the reflecting plane and which the input optical signal is passed though and a signal used to modulate a reflected input optical signal from the reflecting plane to an output optical signal is injected into.