Spatial encoding of a search space is achieved by an array of radiation or acoustic energy detectors receiving data from at least one radiation or energy source. At least one radiation source capable of providing a predetermined type of radiation is used. The radiation may be in the form of a plurality of beams arrayed along at least one directional axis, and arranged in successive alignment to exhibit a directional component. The directional component is characterized by a frequency variance between successive beams in accordance with direction and disposed so radiation therefrom propagates within the search space. At least one radiation detector capable of detecting the radiation is provided, and is disposed to detect at least that type of radiation.