A light-emitting device includes: a light-emitting section disposed on a reference plane and supplying light; and a structure disposed on the light-exiting side of the light-emitting section, wherein the structure includes: a reflective polarizer that transmits polarized light vibrating in a first vibrating direction and reflects polarized light vibrating in a second vibrating direction substantially orthogonal to the first vibrating direction; and an optical section that transmits the light from the reflective polarizer and that cyclically changes in refraction index in the two-dimensional plane substantially parallel to the reference plane.