Electronic devices and methods are disclosed that adaptively filter a microphone signal responsive to recognition of a targeted speaker's voice. An electronic device can include a microphone, a speaker characterization circuit, an adaptive sound filter circuit, and a speaker recognition circuit. The speaker characterization circuit operates in a training mode to learn characteristics of the targeted speaker's voice component in the microphone signal, and to store the learned characteristics. The adaptive sound filter circuit adaptively filters the microphone signal responsive to a control signal. The speaker recognition circuit uses the learned characteristics to recognize the presence of the targeted speaker's voice in the microphone signal and to regulate the control signal to cause the adaptive sound filter circuit to adapt the filtering to increase the targeted speaker's voice component of the microphone signal relative to other components.