A method of exchanging channel quality information between a base station and a user equipment in a mobile communication system is disclosed. A method of transmitting channel quality information in a mobile communication system which transmits channel quality information from a user equipment to a base station comprises transmitting channel quality information, which is measured based on a signal received from the base station, to the base station, receiving feedback information of the channel quality information from the base station, and transmitting difference information to the base station, the difference information for matching the channel quality information transmitted from the user equipment with channel quality information received by the base station based on the feedback information.