Provided is a hot-rolled thin steel sheet having a thickness of less than 6 mm and having high strength showing a tensile strength of 440 MPa or more, excellent formability, and excellent strength and toughness after heat treatment and a method of manufacturing the same. A steel base material containing 0.10 to 0.20% of C, and Si, Mn, Al, P, S, and N adjusted to suitable amount ranges, and 0.01 to 0.15% of Ti and 0.0005 to 0.0050% of B is hot rolled so as to have a finishing temperature of finish rolling of 820 to 880° C.; after the completion of the rolling, the hot-rolled thin steel sheet is cooled to a surface temperature range of 550 to 650° C. at a surface cooling rate of 15 to 50° C./s; and the hot-rolled thin steel sheet is coiled at the temperature range.