Disclosed is a method for transmitting data in a wireless visible light communication system, the method including the steps of transmitting a pilot signal for obtaining channel state information according to each channel from a transmitter to a receiver, and transmitting a pilot response signal containing channel state information according to each channel from the receiver to the transmitter; controlling, by the transmitter, a data rate according to the pilot response signal, transmitting, by the transmitter, data to the receiver, with data rate information inserted into a header and controlling, by the receiver, a data rate according to each channel by making reference to data included in the header information.