An optical encoder, with a simple structure, that can output a high-precision origin signal is provided.Rotary origin phase slits (112), which are formed into a pattern of linear slits arranged in parallel at equal pitches, are prepared for a rotary disk (110), while fixed origin phase slits (122), which are formed into a pattern of linear slits arranged in parallel at equal pitches, are prepared for a fixed origin phase scale (120). Light emitted by a light source (130) passes through an ejection window (121) and irradiates the rotary origin phase slits (112). The light reflected at the rotary origin phase slits (112) passes through the fixed origin phase slits (122) and is detected by a light-receiving element (140). Then, based on the detection signal, an origin signal is generated.