A system and a method for recovering caprolactam from a rearrangement mixture are provided. The system includes a neutralization unit; a buffering unit for receiving a crude lactam solution containing impurities content below a standard value and being fed from the neutralization unit; a temporary storage unit for receiving a crude lactam solution containing impurities above the standard value and being fed from the neutralization unit; a temporary extraction unit for performing batch extraction to separate out a first lactam solution; an extraction unit for performing continuous extraction to separate out a second lactam solution; and a recovery unit for allowing caprolactam to be recovered. In the present system and method, the crude lactam solution is selectively fed into the extraction unit for continuous extraction or to the temporary extraction unit for batch extraction, thereby maintaining continuity of operation, enhancing separation efficiency, and reducing both material consumption and purification loadings.