An electro-optical device includes a display panel having a switching transistor and a pixel electrode that are disposed in correspondence with an intersection of a scanning line and a data line, an opposing electrode that faces the pixel electrode, and an electro-optical layer that is pinched between the pixel electrode and the opposing electrode, a detection unit that detects a current flowing through the electro-optical layer, and a control unit, wherein, when a voltage of a high electric potential is defined to have the positive-polarity and a voltage of a low electric potential is defined to have the negative polarity with reference to the opposing electrode electric potential applied to the opposing electrode as a reference, a data signal of the positive polarity and a data signal of the negative polarity are alternately supplied to the pixel electrode through the data line.