An image display apparatus, which has a high contrast and can suppress the contrast variation and the effect of unwanted reflections regardless of the environment, comprises a luminescent layer; an excitation source which excites the luminescent layer; a front layer which obtains display light by transmitting light generated by the luminescent layer excited by the excitation source; and a periodic structure which is provided between the front layer and the luminescent layer and has a periodic refractive index distribution in a surface parallel to the front layer, wherein the periodic structure satisfies a relation of a following expression and the periodic interval of the periodic structure is 1 μm or greater and 3 μm or less. The expression being given by, 1