A method and device for performing skew detection on data transmitted over a data channel and a high speed optical communication interface including the device are disclosed, wherein data of a reference frame over a reference channel is composed sequentially of a reference data segment with a length of Umax over each of data channels to be subject to skew detection. The method includes: S1) performing the following on one frame of data transmitted over one data channel in a period of one frame: a) dividing the frame of data into a plurality of data blocks according to the maximum allowable skew detection range Rmax; b) dividing each of the data blocks into a plurality of segments each with the length of Umax; c) serially comparing each of the segments in the respective data blocks with the corresponding reference data segment, respectively, to derive skew detection results of all the segments in the respective data blocks; and d) for each of the data blocks, selecting the skew detection result of one of all the segments in the data block as a skew detection result of the data block; and S2) selecting a skew detection result with the maximum skew from among the skew detection results of all the data blocks as a skew detection result of the frame of data.