In an optically controlled cold-cathode electron tube, the emitters 1, of nanometer and/or micron size and of elongate shape, have a structure comprising a first material (4) of sp2-bonding carbon type and a metallic second material (3), said first material being in contact with and surrounding said second material at its top and over the entire length of the emitter or at least part of said length starting from its top toward the base (b). The second material has a plasma frequency substantially equal to or greater than the frequency of the optical control wave.