According to methods and apparatuses for performing error detection and error correction for a synchronization frame in embodiments of the present invention, a transmitter acquires a transmitter check sequence according to contents of a synchronization frame sequence; and a receiver acquires a receiver information sequence related to the check sequence. When performing error detection, the receiver acquires a receiver check sequence according to the receiver information sequence and a generator polynomial and determines whether the synchronization frame transmission is valid according to the receiver check sequence and the transmitter check sequence; when performing error correction, the receiver acquires a syndrome sequence according to the receiver information sequence, acquires an error pattern according to the syndrome sequence and acquires a result of error correction according to the error pattern and the receiver information sequence.