A novel maize variety designated X03B509 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X03B509 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X03B509 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X03B509, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X03B509. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X03B509.