The present invention provides steganographic and digital watermarking methods and apparatus. In a first implementation, we provide methods and apparatus for steganographically conveying data in a facial image by subtly altering facial features relative to statistical norms. In a second implementation, we convey data through different patterns of a diffraction grating. In a third implementation, we convey a digital watermark orientation component by projecting the orientation component onto an object to be captured. In the case of blue-screen technology, we incorporate an orientation component into a blue-screen itself. This provides great convenience for digital animators when overlay graphics and animation. In a forth implementation, we provide an identification document including an electronic memory chip. The chip includes an image of a bearer of the identification document. The image is digitally watermarked to include information (e.g., a chip serial number or document number) that is carried by the identification document. Thus, the electronic memory chip is tied to the document.