An adaptive resource partitioning method includes: selecting a predefined pattern-based partitioning method or an informed map-based partitioning method according to the number of channels used for resource allocation, data characteristics, and a channel environment variation, if the predefined pattern scheme is selected, selecting any of predefined patterns, partitioning distributed and localized resource allocation areas according to the selected pattern, and transmitting a pattern index of the selected pattern to a terminal, and if the informed map scheme is selected, partitioning distributed and localized resource allocation areas according to an arbitrary pattern, and transmitting bitmap control information indicating information of the partitioned areas to the terminal. So, it effectively obtains a diversity and a scheduling gain when distributed and localized resource allocations are simultaneously used, such that it increases flexibility of resource allocation, increases an available data transfer rate, and reduces an amount of necessary control information.