Processes for producing an article having a fine concavo-convex structure on the surface of a transparent substrate and a wire-grid polarizer, with high quality with high productivity, with which a concavo-convex layer having a large area can easily be achieved. The process comprises a step (I) of forming an interlayer (A) on the surface of a substrate film, a step (II) of forming a concavo-convex layer (B) having a fine concavo-convex structure on its surface, on the surface of the interlayer (A) by imprinting technology, and a step (IV) of separating a laminate comprising the interlayer (A) and the concavo-convex layer (B) from the substrate film and laminating the laminate to the surface of a transparent substrate so that the interlayer (A) faces the transparent substrate side. Further, a process for producing a wire-grid polarizer employing the production process.