A paper sheet recognition apparatus, a paper sheet management apparatus, and paper sheet recognition method for performing recognition process for the paper sheets such as banknotes, checks, bills and exchange coupons, wherein image data of the paper sheets are acquired, and identification data that is printed on the paper sheets to identify the paper sheets uniquely are extracted in accordance with the acquired image data, while managing the identification information extracted correspondingly to the registration numbers marked on the paper sheets and the acquired image data, thereby allowing to precisely identify whether or not the paper sheets are judged to be legitimate bills by the paper sheets recognition apparatus.