A medical image processing apparatus includes a selection portion that selects a pixel of interest from an image composed of a plurality of pixels and obtained by picking up an image of a living tissue, a first feature value calculation portion that calculates a first feature value on the basis of color tone of the pixel of interest and color tones of surrounding pixels, a second feature value calculation portion that calculates a second feature value on the basis of the color tone of the pixel of interest and the color tones of surrounding pixels, an evaluation value calculation portion that calculates an evaluation value on the basis of the first feature value and the second feature value, and an evaluation value judgment portion that judges whether the pixel of interest is a pixel constituting the linear structure, on the basis of the evaluation value.