A method for manufacturing graphene oxide nanoplatelets and derivative products and the graphene oxide nanoplatelets obtained, comprising two distinct phases, a first phase for obtaining an intermediate material consisting of carbon nanofilaments, each one having a structure comprising continuous ribbon of graphitic material with a small number of stacked monoatomic graphene layers and spirally rolled around and along the main axis of said nanofilaments, and a second phase wherein said carbon nanofilaments are subjected to a high-temperature treatment in order to clean said filaments and increase their degree of crystallinity. Once these nanofilaments are treated, a chemical etching is performed on them comprising an oxidation that causes the fragmentation of the carbon nanofilaments and starts a cleaving method that is completed by physical means in order to obtain graphene oxide nanoplatelets.