A method and apparatus for transmitting a ranging channel in a wireless communication system is provided. A mobile station (MS) receives frequency resource allocation information of a ranging channel and allocates the ranging channel to one ranging subband on a frequency domain determined based on the frequency resource allocation information of the ranging channel. The MS transmits the ranging channel. The frequency resource allocation information of the ranging channel includes a cell identifier (ID) of a cell and the number of allocated subbands or the number of allocated subband contiguous resource units (CRUs).