A charged particle beam apparatus includes: a sample chamber; a sample stage; an electron beam irradiation system for irradiating the sample with an electron beam; a focused ion beam irradiation system for irradiating the sample with a focused ion beam; a sample stage drive unit having a rotational axis orthogonal to at least one of an irradiation axis of the electron beam irradiation system and an irradiation axis of the focused ion beam irradiation system; and a sample transporting mechanism for transporting the sample to the sample stage. The sample transporting mechanism includes a transportation path provided in the sample stage drive unit in a direction parallel to the rotational axis of the sample stage drive unit, and is configured to transport the sample to the sample stage through the transportation path.