In one embodiment, single-homing and active-active multi-homing is provided in a Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS). A customer edge node actively communicates frames of a same Virtual Private Network (VPN) instance with two or more VPLS nodes of a VPLS network. The VPLS nodes are configured to appropriately forward frames throughout the VPLS network: without looping of a frame sent by the same external node back to the same external node, without flooding multiple copies of a frame to the same external node, and while performing learning of addresses in forwarding tables of said VPLS nodes such that said forwarding tables of said VPLS nodes converge despite frames of the same LAN service being received by said at least two of said VPLS nodes from the same external node.