The present invention relates to a ferrocene-based fire extinguishing composition. The ferrocene-based fire extinguishing composition comprises ferrocene, a ferrocene derivative, or a combination thereof at a content of 25 mass % or more; when in use, a pyrotechnic agent is used as a heat source and a power source, the pyrotechnic agent is ignited, and the high temperature generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic agent is utilized to make a fire extinguishing composition produce a large amount of fire extinguishing substance, which is sprayed out together with the pyrotechnic agent, so as to achieve the purpose of extinguishing a fire. Compared with a conventional fire extinguishing composition, a more efficient and safer fire extinguishing composition is provided.