A data transmission and association method in a non-transparent centralized scheduling multi-hop relay network includes: when a base station sends data, an Allocation Reference Information Element (IE) will be filled in a mapping message (MAP), for indicating a position of a media access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) to be transmitted; after a lower relay station receiving the mapping message (MAP) sent by the base station or transmitted by other relay station, the MAC PDU which is obtained according to the indication of the Allocation Reference IE is recombined, and then is put in the bandwidth allocated by the base station and sent downwardly.