An inventory management system manages information regarding medical items dispensed in conjunction with medical treatment of a patient at a medical facility. The system includes a first computer, an inventory access control system, inventory sensors, and inventory applications in communication with the first computer. The inventory access control system receives credential information from a user seeking access to a physical inventory space in the medical facility and controls access to the space. The inventory sensors sense the removal of medical items to be dispensed to the patient, and generate item usage information indicating the identity and quantity of the items removed. The inventory applications associate the item usage information with patient information that identifies the patient to which the medical items are dispensed, thereby generating a record indicating that the items removed from the storage structure have been dispensed to the patient identified by the patient information.