A dynamic split node defined within a calculation model can receive data being operated on by a calculation plan generated based on the calculation model. A partition specification can be applied to one or more reference columns in a table containing at least some of the received data. The applying can cause the table to be split such that a plurality of records in the table are partitioned according to the partition specification. A separate processing path can be set for each partition, and execution of the calculation plan can continue using the separate processing paths, each of which can be assigned to a processing node of a plurality of available processing nodes.