A thermoacoustic device 1 for improving heat exchange efficiency is provided which has a first stack 3a including stack constituent elements 3eL and 3eH laminated together, and a first high-temperature side heat exchanger 4 and a first low-temperature side heat exchanger 5, which are provided at two ends of the first stack 3a, in which a self-excited acoustic wave is generated by a temperature difference between the first high-temperature side heat exchanger 4 and the first low-temperature side heat exchanger 5 and is then converted to thermal energy in a stack 3b provided between a second high-temperature side heat exchanger 6 and a second low-temperature side heat exchanger 7. Between the first high-temperature side heat exchanger 4 and the first low-temperature side heat exchanger 5, and between the second high-temperature side heat exchanger 6 and the second low-temperature side heat exchanger 7, a stack constituent element 3eL having a low thermal conductivity, a stack constituent element 3eH having a high thermal conductivity, and a stack constituent element 3eL having a low thermal conductivity are provided in that order.