A fitness equipment bracket adjustment structure includes an adjustable sliding bracket including a base member defining therein a sliding groove, a sliding member coupled to and movable in and out of the sliding groove of the base member and a positioning member fixedly fastened to a sidewall of the base member and kept in communication with the sliding groove, and a locking device set including an anti-skid block mounted between the sliding member and the positioning member and defining a stop portion detachably abutted against the sliding member of the adjustable sliding bracket, a connection member inserted through a through hole of the anti-skid block, a coupling member fixedly connected to the connection member and threaded with its one end into the positioning member and a handle coupled to the other end of the coupling member and rotatable relative to the coupling member.