Speech recognition may be improved using data derived from an utterance. In some embodiments, audio data is received by a user device. Adaptation data may be retrieved from a data store accessible by the user device. The audio data and the adaptation data may be transmitted to a server device. The server device may use the audio data to calculate second adaptation data. The second adaptation data may be transmitted to the user device. Synchronously or asynchronously, the server device may perform speech recognition using the audio data and the second adaptation data and transmit speech recognition results back to the user device.