A zoom lens substantially consists of, in order from the object side, a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group, a positive third lens group, a positive fourth lens group, and a negative fifth lens group. When varying magnification, the distances between adjacent lens groups are changed, while all of the lens groups are moved with respect to an image formation position. If β5T represents the image formation magnification of the fifth lens group when focusing on infinity at the telephoto end, fw represents the focal length of the entire lens system at the wide angle end, and f3 represents the focal length of the third lens group, formula (Ca): −5.00≦1−(β5T)2≦−3.30 and formula (H): 0.10