Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for treating corneal endothelium wounds, the composition including angiogenin as an effective ingredient. The present invention relates to a new topical therapeutic use of angiogenin for treatment of corneal endothelium wounds, wherein the angiogenin that is generally known to be involved in angiogenesis activates a PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway thereof in ocular corneal endothelium to increase migration and proliferation of corneal endothelial cells that are not capable of self-proliferation and to promote prevention and treatment of corneal endothelial cell wounds.