In an industrial computer cabinet and a two-way slide rail structure, the industrial computer cabinet includes a cabinet having a receiving space, a first opening, and a second opening; a drawer in the receiving space; and a two-way slide rail assembly including a first slide rail assembly having at least one slide rail, a second slide rail assembly, and at least one roller installed on the second slide rail assembly and rolling along the slide rail. The two openings communicate with the receiving space, at opposite sides thereof. The first slide rail assembly is fixed to one of the cabinet and the drawer; the second slide rail assembly is fixed to the other such that the drawer can be pulled out, sliding relatively to the cabinet through the first or the second opening, enhancing the use convenience of the industrial computer cabinet.