A catadioptric optical system of the present invention includes a catadioptric unit configured to condense light fluxes from an object and to form an intermediate image of the object, a field lens disposed at a position where the intermediate image are formed, and a dioptric unit configured to form the intermediate image on an image surface, and when νcat denotes a smallest Abbe number in Abbe numbers of materials of the first and second optical elements configuring the catadioptric unit and νdio denotes a smallest Abbe number in Abbe numbers of materials of a plurality of dioptric optical elements configuring the dioptric unit, νdio