Process for producing a polymer-graphite nanocomposite, which comprises the steps a) oxidation of graphite to graphite oxide, b) conversion of the graphite oxide into an aqueous dispersion, c) mixing of the aqueous dispersion comprising graphite oxide or, if appropriate, reduced graphite oxide which is obtained from b) with an aqueous polymer dispersion comprising at least one polymer and d) separating off the polymer-graphite mixture from the aqueous phase, wherein the graphite oxide which has been oxidized in step a) is reduced to graphite between step b) and c) or between step c) and d).