Wood laminates may comprise a plurality of wood substrates and an adhesive disposed between at least a portion of at least two of the wood substrates, the adhesive comprising a substituted cellulose ester that comprises a cellulose polymer backbone having an organic ester substituent and an inorganic ester substituent that comprises an inorganic, nonmetal atom selected from the group consisting of sulfur, phosphorus, boron, and chlorine. In some instances the adhesive may be substantially formaldehyde-free.