The present invention concerns a process for the preparation of a catalyst comprising an active phase comprising at least one metal from group VIII selected from cobalt, nickel, ruthenium and iron, alone or as a mixture, and an oxide support which can be used in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process comprises at least once the linked sequence of a stage for impregnation of said oxide support, a drying stage in which said impregnated oxide support is entrained by means of a gas, said impregnated oxide support being subjected in said stage to a temperature rise ramp of between 250 and 600° C./min, the residence time of said impregnated oxide support in said drying stage being between 1 second and 1 minute, and a stage for calcination of said dried impregnated oxide support. The invention also concerns a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process using the catalyst prepared according to the preparation process.