The present invention discloses a data storage method, a data downloading method, and a related apparatus. The data storage method includes: receiving a storage request containing a uniform resource locator (URL) for a storage operation; acquiring the URL in the storage request; determining whether a URL schema corresponding to the URL is in a storage, the URL schema corresponding to different URLs for a same file under a same domain name; when the URL schema is in the storage, completing the storage operation without storing the URL; when the URL schema is not in the storage, determining a hash value of a file corresponding to the URL and a hash value of the URL schema, and storing mapping relationship information between the file hash value and the URL schema hash value in the URL index database. The storage resource usage of the URL index database is reduced.