A railcar damping device includes: a tank storing a liquid; a first opening/closing valve provided in a first passage connecting a rod side chamber to a piston side chamber, which are defined by a piston, to be capable of opening and closing the first passage; a second opening/closing valve provided in a second passage connecting the piston side chamber to the tank to be capable of opening and closing the second passage; a pump that supplies the liquid from the tank to the rod side chamber; a motor that rotates at a fixed rotation speed in order to drive the pump to rotate; and a section determination unit that determines whether a section type of a current travel section of the railcar is an open section or a tunnel section on the basis of a speed deviation between a target rotation speed and an actual rotation speed of the motor.