Provided is a geometric correction apparatus and method based on a recursive Bezier patch sub-division. A geometric correction method may include: receiving, from a camera, a first image that is obtained by photographing a black screen that is projected by a projector onto a projection surface; receiving, from the camera, a second image that is obtained by photographing a predetermined pattern that is projected by the projector onto the projection screen; generating a third image by subtracting the first image from the second image; and performing geometric correction with respect to the predetermined pattern to correct a distortion between the predetermined pattern and the third image.