The invention relates to a machine, in particular a machine tool (9) for deep rolling wheelset shafts (5) for rail vehicle wheelsets with a headstock (12) and a tailstock (13) which each have prick punch points (16) for holding a wheelset shaft (5) at its respective ends, a device (16, 18, 20, 21 and 22) for driving the wheelset shaft (5), as well as tools which can be moved in directions (z, x) on the machine tool (9) for deep rolling lengthwise sections (axle zones 1 to 4) of the wheelset shaft (5), and clamping and feed devices. The tools consist of several pairs of work rollers (14, 15, 23, 25, 24, 26), of which each pair is intended for deep rolling at least one axle zone (1, 2, 3, 4) of the wheelset shaft (5).