The inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems and methods for treating a fuel prior to ignition in a combustion engine in order to improve efficiency. In one aspect of the invention a throttle valve system that entrains a flow of gas, which can include a fuel, into a structured flow pattern via the inclusion of topological on a surface of the valve body and/or the flow chamber. The topological features can be arranged in a pattern configured to produce movement and/or structured turbulence in a stream of gas that is introduced to the throttle valve. An excitation source that ionizes or cracks species in the gas stream can be optionally utilized.