Systems and methods are provided for analyzing through one-pass of unstructured time stamped data of a physical process. A distribution of time-stamped unstructured data is analyzed to identify a plurality of potential hierarchical structures for the unstructured data. A hierarchical analysis of the potential hierarchical structures is performed to determine an optimal frequency and a data sufficiency metric for the potential hierarchical structures. One of the potential hierarchical structures is selected as a selected hierarchical structure based on the data sufficiency metrics. The unstructured data is structured according to the selected hierarchical structure and the optimal frequency associated with the selected hierarchical structure, where said structuring of the unstructured data is performed via a single pass though the unstructured data. The identified statistical analysis of the physical process is performed using the structured data.