The present invention provides an adaptive radio-interference cancelling device and method, a receiver, and a wireless full duplex communication system. The device includes an amplitude phase adjusting module, configured to adjust an amplitude and a phase of a radio-frequency reference signal and output a radio-frequency adjustment signal to enable the radio-frequency adjustment signal to converge to a self-interference signal in a radio-frequency received signal; a subtractor, configured to output a radio-frequency residual signal, where the radio-frequency residual signal is a difference signal between the radio-frequency received signal and the radio-frequency adjustment signal; and a baseband extracting and filtering module, configured to receive the radio-frequency reference signal and the radio-frequency residual signal output by the subtractor, extract baseband signals and perform least mean squares adaptive filtering processing on the baseband signals to obtain an amplitude phase control signal and output to the amplitude phase adjusting module.