Provided is an apparatus and method for radiosonde power control based on position estimation, including a radiosonde system including a radiosonde that may collect weather information, receive Global Positioning System (GPS) information, and transmit a signal including the collected weather information, and a receiver that may receive the signal, and the radiosonde may also recognize a current position based on the GPS information and control a transmission power based on a distance between the current position and a position of the receiver.