A spine rehabilitation exercise device comprises a soleplate; and an exercise mechanism disposed on the soleplate, wherein the exercise mechanism comprises a sliding mechanism movably disposed on the soleplate; a supporting base movably mounted on top of the sliding mechanism, the supporting base being capable of rocking on top of the sliding mechanism; a pillow mounted on the supporting base; and an elastic assembly disposed between the pillow and the supporting base. The whole device has simple structure, convenient assembly, small and compact volume and good mobility and portability; the device can not only have health care and therapeutic effects on spine, but also be used as a pillow on other occasions, thereby having high practicability and better flexibility in use; moreover, the device is not driven by a power supply, so that it is safer and more reliable to use.